Grapes
Grape varieties – There are six grapes that can be used for the production of Madeira: (see below for wines styles) 5 of these are classified as “noble”.
Sercial – The most dry.
Verdelho – Medium dry.
Bual – Medium rich/sweet.
Malvasia – Most classic Madeira grape, the richest and sweetest.
Terrantez – A rare variety that produces much sought after wines.
Tinta Negra – The most prolific and versatile of all grapes on the Island. It has the capacity of producing wines in the style of those produced from the other varieties.
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Steaming
Madeira is the only wine that is heated, to simulate the effects of the old round trip voyages to the East. After harvesting the wines are fortified, to 17-20% alcohol content, with vinic alcohol, and stored in “estufas” vats heated to 45 degrees C for not less than 3 months. Afterwards, it is allowed to cool very slowly to room temperature and left to rest for several years.
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